Markov
Analysis Software - MKV Version 3.0
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Overview
MKV is a Markov Analysis program for analysing
state transition diagrams (markov chain) using numerical integration
techniques. MKV provides facilities for defining multiple phases representing
continuous or discrete transitions. The program also analyses non-homogeneous
processes by allowing time-dependent transition rates to be defined.
Systems with time-dependent transition rates are strictly non-Markovian,
however the addition of this facility in the MKV program allows certain
types of ageing processes to be modeled.
MKV runs under Microsoft Windows 95, 98,
NT, Me and XP and program control is achieved via standard dialogs,
pull-down menus and accelerator keys. MKV is accessed via a sophisticated
graphical user interface (GUI) which allows the user to construct state
transition diagrams with a minimum of effort.
Facilities provided by the program are
summarised below :
- Graphically constructed transition diagram
- Division of analysis into separate phases
- State attribute editing via easy-to-use dialogs
- Data verification for consistency checks
- Time-dependent transition rates modelled
- Global parameter facility for repetitive data
- Calculation of a wide range of probabilities and frequencies
- Comprehensive reports interfacing with Microsoft Word, Excel etc.
- Graphs and plots showing time-dependent results
Numerical
Integration
MKV uses 4th order Runge-Kutta numerical
integration techniques to analyse the Markov diagram. The system logic
is represented by a state transition diagram which may be easily constructed
using the program's interactive graphics facilities. The system lifetime
may be split into phases with different transition rates.
Markov analysis
provides a means of analysing the reliability and availability of systems
whose components exhibit strong dependencies. Other systems analysis
methods (such as the Kinetic Tree Theory method generally employed in
fault tree analysis) often assume component independence which may lead
to optimistic predictions for the system availability and reliability
parameters. Some typical dependencies which can be handled using Markov
models are :
- Components in cold or warm standby
- Common maintenance personnel
- Common spares with a limited on-site stock
The major drawback of Markov methods
is that Markov diagrams for large systems are generally exceedingly
large and complicated and difficult to construct. However, Markov
models may be used to analyse smaller systems with strong dependencies
requiring accurate evaluation. Other analysis techniques, such as
fault tree analysis, may be used to evaluate large systems using simpler
probabilistic calculation techniques. Large systems which exhibit
strong component dependencies in isolated and critical parts of the
system may be analysed using a combination of Markov analysis and
simpler quantitative models.
MKV allows the user to split the system
lifetime into discrete fixed-interval phases. Each phase may be represented
by a set of transitions unique to that particular phase. States may
not vary between phases. Phases may be specified as continuous time
phases or discrete transition phases. Continuous time phases
have transitions which are quantified with transition rates. Transition
rates are generally failure and repair rates. Continuous time phases
have finite phase durations. Discrete phases do not have a phase duration
associated with them as they represent fixed probability transitions
between states. They may be used to represent fixed interval inspections
and preventive maintenance actions. The transitions in a discrete phase
must be identified with fixed probabilities.
For continuous time phases the user may
specify transition rates which vary with absolute system time or absolute
phase time. The time-varying transition rates are specified in the form
of a Weibull distribution which is superimposed on the base failure
rate.
MKV calculates
a wide range of system parameters during the integration process. These
parameters are
MKV provides comprehensive printed reports
which include the state transition diagram. Reports may be directed
to a printer or may be sent to a comma-delimited or fixed-field format
file. In addition reports may be directed to the clipboard for pasting
into other applications such as Microsoft Word.
MKV also provides a facility to display
and print time-dependent data in the form of graphs.
Integrating
Markov and Fault Tree Analysis
The FaultTree+
program now contains an integrated Markov facility which is compatible
with the MKV program. This will allow users to model strong dependencies
in small sub-systems using Markov analysis and use the results in a
full fault tree analysis study.
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